FLUID BALANCE AND ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION IN THE HUMAN BODY*

Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in the human body.

Renal β-intercalated cells maintain body fluid and electrolyte balance.

Inactivation of the B1 proton pump subunit (ATP6V1B1) in intercalated cells (ICs) leads to type I distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), a disease associated with salt- and potassium-losing nephropathy. Here we show that mice deficient in ATP6V1B1 (Atp6v1b1-/- mice) displayed renal loss of NaCl, K+, and water, causing hypovolemia, hypokalemia, and polyuria. We demonstrated that NaCl loss origina...

Perioperative electrolyte and fluid balance

Total body water (TBW) is consistently 70% of the lean body weight across age and sex ranges but varies as a percentage of actual bodyweight between groups and individuals owing to varied deposition of adipose tissue, which contains less water than muscle. TBW is 75% of total body weight in neonates, 70% in infants and 45% in the elderly. The average adult male (70 kg) has 60% of total body wei...

Fluid and electrolyte balance in children

Fluid therapy in children requires an understanding of certain basic principles to avoid adverse events. Careful consideration needs to be given to both the appropriate rate and composition of the fluids to be administered with frequent re-assessment. Parenteral fluid management is used to meet maintenance requirements, correct any deficit and replace ongoing losses. Non-osmotic secretion of an...

[Disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance].

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